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Kerala - Geography

Kerala’s 38,863 km² landmass is wedged between the Arabian Sea to the west and the Western Ghats to the east. Lying between north latitudes 8°18 and 12°48 and east longitudes 74°52 and 72°22, Kerala is well within the humid equatorial tropics. Kerala’s coast runs for some 580 km, while the state itself varies between 35 and 120 km in width. Geographically, Kerala can be divided into three climatically distinct regions: the eastern highlands (rugged and cool mountainous terrain), the central midlands (rolling hills), and the western lowlands (coastal plains).
Eastern Kerala lies immediately west of the Western Ghatss rain shadow; it consists of high mountains, gorges and deep-cut valleys. 41 of Kerala’s west-flowing rivers and 3 of its east-flowing ones originate in this region. The Western Ghats rises on average to 1,500 m (4920 ft) above sea level, while the highest peaks may reach to 2,500 m (8200 ft). Just west of the mountains lie the midland plains composing central Kerala; rolling hills and valleys dominate. Generally ranging between elevations of 250–1,000 m (820–3300 ft), the eastern portions of the Nilgiri and Palni Hills include such formations as Agastyamalai and Anamalai.
Kerala’s western coastal belt is relatively flat, and is a network of interconnected brackish canals, lakes, estuaries, and rivers known as the Kerala Backwaters. Lake Vembanad dominates the Backwaters; it lies between Alappuzha and Kochi and is more than 200 km² in area.
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